Differential Rotation in Jupiter's Interior Revealed by Simultaneous Inversion for the Magnetic Field and Zonal Flux Velocity

A key objective of the current Juno mission (Bolton et al., 2017, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aal2108) is direct determination secular variation (time dependency) Jupiter's internal magnetic field in order to further understand dynamics interior. Here, we find that residuals a static, baseline model are consistent with effects variation, specifically arising from zonal drift field. We present technique for simultaneously inverting main and due explore required systematically argue although dominated by prograde super-rotation, corresponding approximately 1 part 106 relative System IIIa (1965), there also evidence differential compare resultant determined Moore al. (2019, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-019-0772-5) Connerney (2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021je007055) good agreement. This suggests rate steady over time periods several decades, though short period (such as resulting torsional oscillations) superimposed on this still possible.